بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Idghaam
Idghaam [إدغام] means merging, linguistically.
This means to merge the sound of noon saakinah or tanween into the sound of the next letter which follows it.
Idghaam's letters: [يَرْمَلُونْ] ي ر م ل و ن
Its rule: Whenever a noon saakinah [ن] or a tanween [ ً ٍ ٌ ] is followed by an idghaam letter in between 2 words, we will make Idghaam by merging the sound of noon or tanween into the sound of the idghaam letter either completely or incompletely, with 2 counts of ghunnah, or without 2 counts of ghunnah, depending on the letter.
Idghaam with ن م : Noon saakinah or tanween are completely merged into the following noon or meem, which will have a shaddah [ ّ ]. We will make a 2 count ghunnah. For example, we will read [مِن مَّال] as "mim maal".
Idghaam with ي م : Noon saakinah or tanween are incompletely merged into the following yaa' or waw due to the nasal sound of the 2 count ghunnah, which is left over from the noon saakinah or tanween. For example, we will read [وَمَن يَعْمَل] as "wa may ya'mal".
Idghaam with ل ر : Noon saakinah or tanween are completely merged into the following laam or raa', which will have a shaddah. We will not make a 2 count ghunnah nor pronounce any trace of noon saakinah or tanween. For example, we will read [يَكُن لَّه] as "yakul lah".
Exceptions: We will not make Idghaam in the following cases. 1. Where noon saakinah is followed by an idghaam letter in the same word. This occurs in 4 words; [بُنْيَان، صِنْوَان، قِنْوَان، الدُّنْيَا]. We will pronounce the noon saakinah with Idhaar Mutlaq [mutlaq meaning ultimate or unconditional linguistically]. 2. Where sakt separates the noon saakinah or tanween and the following idghaam letter, preventing Idghaam. For example, ayah 27 of surah Al-Qiyamah;
We will read it with Idhaar with sakt, like "wa qeela man - raaq".
3. Where a noon saakinah pronounced at the end of the Huruf Al-Muqatta'ah meet an idghaam letter. For example, ayaat 1-2 of surah Ya-Seen;
We will read the noon saakinah of [يَا سِينْ] with Idhaar even in continuing, like "yaseen wal qur'anil hakeem".
[End of lesson.]
Writer's Note:
All praise and thanks is to Allah for the knowledge shared in this post, and may He forgive me for any mistake I might have made in it.
Please feel free to leave a comment sharing your thoughts or concerns regarding this post!
BarakAllahu feekum,
والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
[Source: Simplified Tajweed Rules of the Qur'an compiled by Sheikha Marwa El-Gindy, may Allah reward her always, Ameen.]
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